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W. LORENZ. BAKING 0R GooKING OVEN PoR o No. 314,144.

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W. LORENZ. BKING 0R OOKINGOVEN FOR CONTINUOUS WORKING.

No. 314,144. Patented Mar. 17, 1885.

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BAKINO OR OOOKING OVEN POR CONTINUOUS WORKING.` NO. 314,144. Patented Mar. 17, 1885.

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Wzmasses UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILHFJLM LORENZ, `OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

BAKING OR COOKING OVEN FOR CONTINUOUS WORKING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 314,144-, dated March 17, 1.885.

Application filed April E, 1882. (No model.) Patented in Austria-Hungary July SI), 1881, No. 3l and No. 876, and July 3l, 1882, No. 3'2 and No. 1,375; in Germany January 26, 1882, No. 19.488 in France January 26, 1882, No. 147,067; in Belgium February 13, 1882, No. 57,074; in England February 14, 1982, No. T20, and in Italy March 31, 1982.

.To @ZZ whom. it may concern.-

Be it known that I, XVILHELM LORENZ, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and a resident of the city of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary, have invented certain",

cial reference to, first, providing a construc- Improved Baking or Cooking Ovens for Continuous Working, of which the following is a specification.

With reference to the accompanying drawings,which show a construction of oven especially adapted for baking bread, Figure 1 Vis a perspective view of an oven embodying my improvements, a portion being illustrated in ing-munies.

section or as broken away to show interior arrangement of iiues, said oven being adapted to the burning of solid fuel. Fig. 2is alongitudinal section of the oven for heating by means of gaseous fuel on the linel 2 in Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a ground plan or horizontal section of the same on line 34 iuFig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectionof the same on the line5 6 in Fig. 2 through the steam-generating apparatus. Fig. 5 is an end View, andFig. 6 aside elevation, of the framing for the reception of the tray in front ofthe oven. Fig. 7 is alongitudinal section through the grate of oven shown in Fig. l. Fig. S is a sectional view of steam-generator on line 7 8 of Fig. 10. Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a portion of the furnace on line with the valves o o, showing the fines which lead from the steam-chamber to the bak- Fig. 10 is a sectional view on line 11 12 of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is a sectional view on line 13 '14 of Fig. 12. Fig. 12 is a front elevation, partlyin section, of the steamgenerating apparatus. Fig. 12a is a central longitudinal section of the water-reservoir. Fig. 13 is a sectional detail of the grate for solid fuel. Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section through the gas-burner employed for heating the oven by means of gaseous fuel. Fig. 15 is a vertical longitudinal section of the oven adapted for solid fuel on the lines 9 10 in Fig. 16. Fig. 15b is a vertical longitudinal section on lines 7 8 of Fig. 16 5 and Fig. 16 is a horizontal section of the same on the line 11 12 in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a vertical transverse section on lines 15 and 16 of Fig. 2.

This invention has relation to certain imi provements in baking or cooking ovens adapted for continuous working; and it consists in the novel construction and combination of parts, as hereinafter described, having spetion of ovens wherein a very equableandconstaut temperature of about 500 Fahrenheit may be maintained' by the employment of a large mass of brick-work, which, in taking up `the heat from longitudinal and transverse heating-fines formed therein, serves as a magazine for a considerable quantity of l1eat,whicl1 is only slightly affected by variations in the amount of heat supplied thereto or absorbed Referring to the accompanying drawings, in

which are illustrated the best means of carrying out my invention, c designates'a tubular chamber constituting part of the steam-generating apparatus F, and situated between two baking-chambers or muffles, A A', and communicating therewith by fines or passages k lr, Fig. 3.

quantity of water from a reservoir, Z, on the top of the oven, such reservoir being made-for Said chamber o contains a shallow tray, el, that is supplied with a regulatedV this purpose to communicate through a very small orifice, Z', with a receptacle, c., located in front of the reservoir and of a capacity equal to that of the tray, and communicating with the latter by a pipe, f, havinga cock, f, so that no more water will be supplied at one time to the tray than it can contain. The oriiceZ, is very minute, and hence, while of sufficient capacity to supply the auxiliary `tank. c from the main tank Z between the periods of emptying the latter docs not admit enough to the auxiliary tank while the cntents of the latter are being drawn off through the pipe f in supplying the pan d to overflow. In the frontend of the tubularchamber c is situated a safety-valve, g, leading into an esof the figure being arranged in such a position that the steam has a free passage from the pan d out through the top Z of thevalve and the openings t' of the valve-chamber into the passage k, while in the other position they effect a communication from the outer air through passages m and ports i to 4passages k, as shown on the right-hand side of the gure, admitting the air from the outside around the valve-stem and into the muffles through passages c, and shutting off the supply of steam to the latter. By this arrangement the baking-muffles A can either be charged with steam to the required extent or this steam can be made to escape into the open air from the steam-chamber direct by way of valve g into passage h', and thence to h2, or from the mufiles through vpassages h communicating with said muffles and with outlet h", and controlled by regulating-valves o o.

In operating with this apparatus, the communication between the baking-mufiies A and the steamfchamber e must be opened before the water is admitted to the pan d of the latter, the supply-pipe to this being provided with a shut-off cock or valve, f, to control the ow of the water. The valve o, leading from the mufle to the escapepassage h2, is also opened for a short time, so as to allow of the escape of the air from the baking-inutiles. Vhen the muffle has been supplied with steam for a sufficient length of time, the watersupply to the generator is cut off, the valve Mof the steam-supply passage lr is closed, and the passages for the escapeof the steam from and for the admission of air to the muffle are opened. By this means it will be seen that the supply of steam to the baking-muflies is under perfect control.

For enabling the baking or cooking operation tobe readily controlled, and in order that the .articles to be baked or cooked may be easily and rapidly introduced into or removed from the muffles A A without requiring skilled labor, the mufles are provided with a traveling bottom or tray, B, on which the articles arc placed, and which runs with wheels the door-framing into the mufle, so as to be' subject to the heat thereof, Fig. 6.

For enabling the action of the heatingfurnace to be maintained with regularity independently of the iireman, and for distributing the flames and hot gases uniformly throughout the heating-hues, the heating apparatus,when solid fuel is used, is arranged as follows: A vertical shaft or chamber, G, Figs. l, 7, and 15, is provided at bottom with a grate, p. and at top with a charging-opening, H, closed hermetically by a hood with sand luting, and also with eyelholes J for observing the combustion. The ash-pit below the grate and an opening in the front wall above the latter are closed by a plate, q, Fig. 7 hinged at bottom and capable of being opened to a regulated extent at top, by means of a hinged rack, w, engaging a iiange on the top of the plate q, so as to admit the required quantity of air for et'- fecting the combustion. The tire-bridge r is made of some depth, so as to contain a comparatively large body of fuel above the grate, for which purpose slack or small coal is used, this being` chargedin large quantities at a time through the top charging-opening H. The fuel is lighted at the top, and is allowed to burn gradually downward until the charge is consumed, when the dust and clinkers are removed and a fresh charge is introduced and lighted.

For facilitating the removal of the dust and clinkers,the ash-pit door is taken away and a transverse bearer, u, Fig. 7, which supports the front ends of the furnace-bars p, is drawn from under these by means of a chain, s, whereupon the grate-bars turn down upon hinges at the back end,l so that they can be readily cleared of all clinkers. A transverse flue or passage, M, connects the lues K at or near their `forward ends immediately back of the tire-space, and is closed at its ends by doors M', which are provided to admit of access to the passage for cleaning purposes. Each grate or fireplace is provided with or communicates with a series of iiues, K, K, Kiand C,

leading at the terminal of the series into the iiues L and G. The flames and hot gases after passing over the fire-bridge 1 issue intoa series of ues, K K K2, running transversely to the baking-muftlcs, and pass thence into and through a series of small dues, L L L2, formed in the brick-work surrounding the inutiles A A, and which communicate with the chimney.

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By causing the furnace-gases toissue first into the wide flue K, the greater` part of the dust carried withthem is deposited thereinand is not carried into the small flue L. The flue L, as also the fines K K K2, are extended through the brick-work at onev end, where they are closed by doors or Stoppers I), so that on removing these from time to time the collected dust can be readily cleared out. Dust-collecting chambers or pockets N O, Fig. 15, are also provided at intermediate points in the length of the iiues. The flues K K Kl are made to gradually diminish in sectional area from the furnace end to their junction with the iiues L L L2, and they traversethe brick-work in zigzag direction, so as to offer very extendedsurf faces for taking up the heat from the gases and imparting it to the brick-work.

In order'to insure that there shall be an equal draft through all the dues, notwithstanding their different distances from the furnaces,(of which there are by preference two provided,)

the chamber L into which they issue before escaping into the chimney is provided with suitably-shaped baffle-walls, g2, so as to restrict the entrance ofthe gases from some of the fines more than from others by diminishing the sine of the chambers into which they open. The said chamber is also provided with stoppered openings for'clearing out the deposit, and the iiue L2 has a hood-shaped valve, R, Fig. 1, closed with sand luting, by means of which the fines and furnace can be cut off from the communication with the chimney, this being effected when the lines and chamber require clearing, or for other purposes. Closed airspaces X X, Fig. 15, are formed in the external parts ofthe brick-work to prevent loss of heat by radiation. A passage or flue, M, Figs. 1 and 15, extends across the oven at right an gle to the flues K Kand immediately behind the ire-bridge r, which communicates with the flues KK and the furnaces G G, so as to permit of an even radiation of the heat from all the furnaces to have passage through the fines K K,or, in other words, to allow the different furnaces G G to have free communication with all the fines K K. rIhere is also a passage, 7L,

leading from or near the top of the ovens at their forward ends to the open air, as shown. This passagel is controlled by the valves o o, which are opened when it is desired to allow steam or hot air to escape from the oven.

For heating by means of gaseous fuel, the arrangement of the iiues is the same as above certain degree.

arrangement.

described,with the exception that no dust-collecting fines or pockets are required, and that air-supply flues S are provided, through which the air required for combustion with the gas is made to pass, so as to become heated to a Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 14C show this The combustible gas employed for this purpose is by preference water-gas, which is led in a cold condition from a gasholder through a pipe,W", Fig. 14, to the burners W, situated together with the gas-pipe in a large air flue or chamber, U, Fig. 2.

rIQhe burners W', Figs. 14 and 2, consist of nozzles formed as branches on the supply-pipe, the upper end of the nozzle being covered with a hood, h2, having openings h3 for the inlet of air at the bottom,while at top a narrow annu lar space, a', is formed between the top of the gas-nozzle H and the hood, so as to. allow of only the correct proportion of air combining with the gas. r1`he hood has a neck-like tubular extension, h, abutting against a tapering passage, h', form ed throu gh the brick-work into one of the before-described fines, into which consequently the mixture of air and gas issues, and where it is ignited, there being one such burner provided to each of the said lues. The main gas-supply pipe, as also the separate burners, are provided with cocks or valves for regulating the gas-supply.

The heating apparatus, whether for solid or gaseous fuel, is quite separate from the locality where the baking operation is carried on,

and is operated by separate attendants, so that no interruption of the baking or cooking operation is caused thereby.

I claiml. In a bakers oven, the combination, with the baking-muffles, of the steam-generating apparatus comprising the chamber c, the tray d, and means for the admission of steam to the muffles and for controlling the supply thereof, substantially as set forth.

2. In a bakers oven, the combination,with the baking-mufiies, the chamber c, and tray d, of the reservoir Z and pipe-connection f, substantially as described, and foi` the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

VILHELM LORENZ.

Witnesses:

C. O. PAGET, E. G. S. IVIOELLER.'

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